Patella Luxations (Kneecap Dislocation) in Dogs and Cats

Patella luxation, commonly known as kneecap dislocation, is a frequent cause of hind limb lameness in dogs and cats. Early evaluation and treatment can greatly improve your pet’s comfort and mobility.

Understanding Patella Luxations

The patella (kneecap) is the small bone that sits within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle and glides smoothly over the femur as your pet moves. In a patella luxation, the kneecap slips out of its normal position, either toward the inside (medial luxation) or outside (lateral luxation) of the knee joint.

This condition may cause:

  • Intermittent or persistent limping
  • “Skipping” or holding up the leg during movement
  • Difficulty jumping, running, or climbing stairs
  • Pain or sensitivity around the knee
  • Progressive hind limb weakness or muscle loss
rescue dog suffering from patella luxations or kneecap dislocation)

Patella luxations can range from mild, occasional slipping to severe dislocations causing constant pain and impaired mobility. Left untreated, they can lead to chronic joint damage and arthritis.

Why Early Diagnosis is Important

Detecting patella luxations early enables effective management before the condition worsens. Mild cases may be manageable with rest and activity modification, but moderate to severe luxations often require surgical correction to restore normal function and prevent arthritis.

What to Expect During an Evaluation

  • Comprehensive Orthopedic Exam: Dr. Harrison will assess your pet’s gait, palpate the knee joint, and check for patella stability, range of motion, and signs of pain or discomfort.
  • Diagnostic Imaging: X-rays are not always needed, but can be useful to evaluate the alignment of the knee joint and any concurrent bone or joint abnormalities.
  • Development of a Treatment Plan: Based on the severity of luxation and your pet’s overall health, a treatment plan will be recommended to provide long-term relief and improved mobility.

Treatment Options for Patella Luxation

Treatment depends on the grade of luxation and your pet’s symptoms:

  • Medical Management: Mild cases may benefit from rest and controlled activity.
  • Surgical Correction: For moderate to severe luxations or ongoing lameness, surgery is often recommended to realign the kneecap and stabilize the joint. Surgical techniques may involve soft tissue adjustments, bone reshaping, or implants to keep the patella in place.

Dr. Harrison will explain the best course of action to restore your pet’s knee function and reduce pain.

Supporting Recovery

Post-treatment recovery includes specific care instructions and activity restrictions to help your pet heal safely. Physical rehabilitation exercises may be part of the recovery to rebuild strength and flexibility.

Most pets begin to improve quickly following surgery and progressively regain full use of their leg over several weeks to months.

Call The Bone, Joint and Spine Clinic at (614) 889-9555 to schedule an evaluation with Dr. Harrison. Early intervention can help your pet move comfortably again. There is no charge for such evaluations and consultations.

If your veterinarian has taken X Rays, please load them on your smartphone prior to your appointment – that will save us time and cost.